Gempur Paper 2

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Gempur Paper 2

Gempur Paper 2

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Gempur Paper 2

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Gempur Paper 2

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Sample Answer

Question and Answer

Another Enviromental Issue Questions:

Suggested Marking Scheme

Question and Answer

Sample Question:
Endangered Ecosystem
*Please click on image to enlarge !

Question and Answer

Bagaimana hendak menjawab soalan esei seperti di bawah ?

8. Diagram 8.2 and Diagram 8.3 show  two types of immunity acquired by a person. 

Rajah 8.2 dan  Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan dua jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh    seseorang

(a) Compare the two types of immunity.                                                             [7 marks]

                 Bandingkan kedua-dua jenis keimunan tersebut.


Suggested Answer: 

Happy Revising :)

Question and Answer

*Essay Sample Question and Answer from Mid Year Examination SESERI 2012

Sample Essay

Suggested Answer:

(a)Sample Answer:

Bird

• Aerofoil wing – to generate the upward llift
• A pair of antagonistic muscle( pectorolis major and minor) for upstroke and downstroke //pulled down and up the wings.
• Single organ(one testes/kidney)//small skull//hollow bone//no teeth – to reduce weight.
• Streamlined body shape// Feathers facing the posterior/backward – to reduce air resistance
• Waterproof feather to avoid increase in body weight during raining.

[ Any 4 ]

Fish

• Streamlined body shapes/overlapping scales facing the posterior/slimy coating – to reduce water resistance
• Myotome muscles are are W/V- shaped which act antagonistically
• Swim bladder/air sac – maintain buoyancy in water.
• Fins
• -Dorsal and ventral fin – to prevent yawing and rolling
• -Caudal/tail fin – provides thrust and controls direction
• -Pelvic fin and pectoral fin- act as brakes

[Any 4]

(b)Submerged plants

• Posses air sacs within the leaves and the stem to help the plant to stay upright in water
• Water buoyancy provides support
• Have very few vascular tissue/woody tissue
• Thin/narrow/flexible leaves to provide little resistance to water flow

[ Any 3]

Floating plants

• Stem have plenty of air sacs
• Aerenchyma tissues which help to stay afloat in water.
• Do not have woody tissues
• Natural water buoyancy to helps them to float
• Have broad leaves that are firm but flexible to resist being torned by wave action.

[ Any 3]

Sample Essay

Total= [ 10 marks]

Suggested Answer:

Graph A

• Intraspecific competition
• Competition between the same spesies of Paramecium
• Competing for the same niche, food /nutrient/space
• A t the end of experiment the population of Paramecium Aurelia is higher compared to the population of P caudatum
• Showing that P. Aurelia are more adapted to the environment

[Any 5 ]

Graph B

• Interspecific competition
• Competition between different species of Paramecium
• Competing for the same niche, nutrient, space
• At the end of the experiment, the population of P Aurelia increase whereas P caudatum decreases.
• Showing that P Aurelia are more adaptable/stronger compared to P caudatum
• [Any 5 ]

Sample Essay

Please click @ the image to enlarge

Suggested Answer:

Able state the definition:

(a)

· conservation of biodiversity

- the maintenance of environmental quality and natural resources in a ecosystem // the maintenance of a particular balance among the species present in a ecosystem.

· preservation of biodiversity

- the protection of spesies without reference to natural change in living systems or to human requirements.

· conservation of biodiversity

(b) Able to describe why the biodiversity very important.

1. Ecological reason

- Loss of biodiversity makes ecosystem less stable/ disrupts the food web/ biogeochemical cycle

- (biodiversity) is needed for survival of life on [1+1]

2. Economic reason

- provides human with the cereal crops/ livestock/ fish/ spices/ plants

- it is a resource for timber needed ( to build shelter) [1+1]

- source of pharmaceutical drugs to treat certain diseases / malaria// medicinal plants

- maintain soil fertility // balance ecosystem

3. Aesthetic/ recreational

- ecotourism// pleasure [1+1]

4. Ethical reasons

- provides a field of vast research for scientist [1+1]

Total = 8 marks

Sample Structure QS

Answer:

(a)Able to explain the interaction in X and Y

Organism X

F: mutualism (reject symbiosis) ...1m

E1: nitrogen-fixing bacteria/ Rhizobium convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and ammonium ions that are used by (legume) plant for protein synthesis ....1m

E2: The bacteria obtain food/nutrient/ space/ shelter (from the plants) ...1m

Organism Y

F: commensalism (reject epiphyte) ....1m

E1: (pigeon orchids) grow on the trunks of the tree to obtain light energy for photosynthesis ...1m

E2: the host plant do not get benefit or harm .....1m maximum 5 marks

(b) Able to identify the interaction and explain how the organism survive on the habitat.

Interaction: Saprophytism ....................1m

F: Fungi/ mushroom secrete enzyme ...........................1m

E1: digest (organic food in) dead organism/ the tree trunk .....................1m

E2: (hypha) absorb the digested food such as glucose ................1m

E3: glucose is used for respiration//to get energy ...................1m

(5 marks)

Sample Structure QS

Sample Question and Answer:

**Explain (Not just state the fact !)

1.Write the similarity and its explanation - One mark

2. Do not write in a form of Table..Write in SENTENCES.

Sample Qs-Endangered Ecosystem

1. (a)Diagram 1 shows one of the human activities which threaten the ecosystem. By using your Biology knowledge, evaluate critically the effects of this unplanned development and mismanagement of the ecosystem.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan salah satu aktiviti manusia yang mengancam ekosistem. Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan Biologi anda, buat penilaian secara kritikal tentang kesan pembangunan dan pengurusan yang tidak terancang ke atas ekosistem.

(10 marks)

(b) Diagram 2 shows the global warming phenomenon which give a great impact on the environment. Can we save this world from the impact of the global warming? By using your Biology knowledge, discuss your opinion.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan fenomena pemanasan global yang memberikan kesan ke atas alam sekitar. Mampukan kita menyelamatkan dunia daripada kesan pemanasan ini? Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan Biologi, bincangkan pendapat anda.

(10 marks)

Suggested Answer:

(a) The activity is deforestation [1m]

Please click at the image to enlarge.

BIO ESSAY ~ repost

The following TIPS may be 'common' and a 'familiar' tips which are told by your Bio teachers over and over again...BUT I'm sure all of you still take it lightly...especially when the examination paper is right infront of you......suddenly all the tips are forgotten.......so unfortunate..........then you are the loser!

COMMON but IMPORTANT TIPS in answering BIO ESSAYS are:

1. READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY

2. HIGHLIGHT the COMMAND word in the question such as Explain, Describe,Compare...so that you know what you are supposed to do..

3.Plan your ESSAY...(by roughly sketching mind map, flow chart, diagram etc )

4.LOOK at THE MARKS allocated.(This give you idea how long your essay should be )

5.Answer in paragraphs if it is a long essay.

6. Tables are allowed only for COMPARING

7.Write at least 2 pages (including half page of Diagram)

8. Produce Diagram to support your answer but make sure it is all labelled!!

9.Give Facts + Explanation for every answer..

10.Write as long as you like..Never mind if it is wrong..you wont be penalize.

11. Do not write in a point form...because it is ESSAY !!!

12.Choose only TWO essays if the instruction is TWO!!

13.....Write and keep on writing.....Produce all the facts that you ever remember..

( BIO PAPER 2 need you to master BIO CONTENT very well !)

.........LAstly, your choice of questions must be correct....Chose the questions which you know the content very well...at least 80-100% content..

..and of course write clearly and confidently...may use your own words.. as long as it conveys the same meaning.

...ALL THE BEST FOR YOUR SPM  EXAMINATION.

Sample Qs: The thinning of ozone layer

1. The thinning of the ozone layer is an environmental issue which is always being discussed. Describe the effect of the thinning of the ozone layer on the environment and living organisms on the earth. Suggest different ways to solve this problem.
[10marks]

Suggested Answer: (ANy 10 marks)

The effect:
P1 - More UV rays / ultraviolet radiation reaches the earth’s surface.
P2 - Increase of temperature.
P3 - UV ray will deteriorate one’s body immunity system.
P4 - An increase in the number of people suffering from skin cancer and cataract.
P5 - High UV rays destroy microorganisms and phytoplankton (the producer of marine food chain).
P6 - Rate of photosynthesis decrease.
P7 - High level of UV rays can damage the eggs of certain amphibians.

Steps to solve the problem:
P8 - Reduce / stop using CFCs.
P9 - Replace CFCs with HCFCs.
P10- Use wrapping papers instead of polystyrene boxes.
P11- Patch up the holes in the ozone layer by firing frozen ozone balls into the atmosphere.

Sample Qs-Greenhouse effect

a) Diagram 9 shows sources of greenhouse gases from human activities and natural processes Explain the sources of greenhouse gases. [10marks]

Suggested Answer:

-Sources of greenhouse gases;
F1- Emission from exhaust of motor vehicles (1m)
E1- release a lot of carbon dioxide gas and into atmosphere (1m)

F2- Combustion of fossil fuel in factories (1m)
E2- releases a large amount of carbon dioxide gas into atmosphere (1m)
E3- and also releases oxides of nitrogen (1m)

F3- Uses of aerosol spray/air conditioner (1m)
E4- with contains CFC (1m)
E5- CFC cause ozone depletion with bring about greenhouse effect (1m)

F4- Fermentation in ruminant animals / anaerobic fermentation in paddy field (1m)
E6- release methane gas into atmosphere (1m)

F5- use of inorganic fertilizer (1m)
E7- cause release of nitrogen oxide gas (1m)

Sample Qs- Microorganism

1. Most microorganisms are harmless and useful to humans. Yeast and bacteria are microorganisms. Discuss the benefits of using this two microorganisms to produce useful products for humans. [ 10 marks]

Suggested Answer:

Medical Purpose : ( Any 4)
Antibiotic
· Antibiotic are chemicals which either inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms, especially disease-causing bacteria
· Example : streptomycin is produced by Streptomycin sp.
· Penicillin is produced by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum sp.
· The fungus is grown in large fermenters, and the antibiotic produced is then isolated and purified

Immunisation ( 1 mark)
· The vaccine that contains weakened or dead microorganism which stimulates the body to produce antibodies.

Food Processing Industry
Wine ( 2 marks)
· Wine is made by adding yeast to fruit sugar (glucose) from grapes.
· The yeast converts glucose in grapes into alcohol during anaerobic respiration / fermentation

Bread ( 2 marks)
· Bread is made from yeast, flour,sugar and water. The most commonly used species of yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
· Fermentation by yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide causes the dough to rise

Soya Sauce ( 1mark)
· Soya sauce is made from fermented soya beans caused by the action of fungi.
**Or any suitable answer