Sample Question

Its mangrove swamp !!

Sample Question

Its ' fight and flight' situation.....

Sample Question

Sample Qs and Answer extracted from Perfect Score SBP- Credit to the panels. TQ.

Its NUTRITION !!

May click on image to enlarge..

Environmental Issue

Form 4 syllabus has almost come to an end!

The environmental issue should be discussed, presented.....can also be debated..and forum !

As stated in Bio Form 4 syllabus :













It took 3 lesson-periods to settle all these !!

Scrap Book

Lets talk about Form 4 lessons..

When learning about 'Endangered Ecosystem' , teachers may ask students to prepare a scrap book of all the environmental issues stated in Bio Syllabus.

You will be surprise to see how well they can present it !

..This is Dayana's...She prepared details, such as Index...and references !
Landslides
Deforestation

Soil erosion
Thinning of ozone layer


Green house effect
References.

Sample Qs

I am sharing a good question and suggested answer, about INHERITANCE......Click image to enlarge....Just go through what should be the 'response' to this question !

Happy Revising..

Sample Qs

I am sharing a good question and suggested answer, about Menstrual Cycle.

Click image to enlarge.

Just go through what should be the 'response' to this question !

Respiration Paper 3

May consider the followings marked STARS : (PAPER 3)

1. Carry out an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration in yeast. / the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast- (Question 2 -2007 )

2. Conduct an experiment to investigate the differences between inhale and exhale air. (2010- Question 1)

**Conduct an experiment to study the effect of a vigorous exercise on the rate of respiration and heart

beat

**Conduct an experiment to show the effects of cigarette smoke on white cotton wool and draw an anology between the lung and the white cotton wool.

Respiration

To review this chapter, please review ALL my previous postings under the label of : RESPIRATION.

And may focus on the following contents: (May discuss with your Bio teachers the keywords for all of these suggested contents!)

1.Describe the characteristic of respiratory surfaces in human and other organisms.

2. Compare and contrast the human respiratory system with other organisms.

3.Describe the process of gaseous exchange across the surface of the alveolus and blood capillaries in the lungs.

4. Explain the transport of respiratory gases.

5.Explain the process of gaseous exchange between the blood and body cells.

6.Explain the regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the body

7. Explain the human respiratory response and rate of respiration in different situation.

8. Correlate the rate of respiration with the rate of heart beat.

Nutrition

To review this chapter, please refer to ALL my previous postings under the Label : NUTRITION.

This chapter is one of the 'hot~ favourite' chapters and stand a greater chance to be ask in 2011.

Make sure you know well about: (PAPER 2)

1. Explain the necessity for a balanced diet

2.Explain the factors affecting the daily energy requirement

3 Justify an appropriate diet menu for pregnant mother ,infants, children, teenagers, athletes, people with specific diseases, the aged and vegetarians.

4.Meaning of malnutrition

5. Effects of deficiency in proteins, vitamins, minerals on health

6.Effects of excessive intake of carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals

7.Effects of diet with low saturated fats on cardiovascular disease

8.Ways to reduce the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis

9.Discuss the function of liver:storage of nutrients, processing the products of digestion i.e. excess glucose and amino acid, detoxification.

10.Explain leaf adaptation to optimize photosynthesis,

11.Explain how plants from different habitats are adapted to carry out photosynthesis

12.Draw a simple schematic diagram of the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis.

13.Explain the necessity for food processing,using examples.

Nutrition Paper 3

List of Experiments in Chapter 6 : Nutrition

1. Conduct an activity to determine the energy value in food samples. (SPM 2005)

2. Conduct an experiment on plants to study the effects of macronutrient deficiency i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur.

3. Conduct an experiment to determine the vitamin C content in various fruit juices. (SPM 2004)

4. Design experiments to study the digestion of starch and proteins. (Using Enzymes : Amylase or Pepsin )

5. Carry out an activity to study the movement of substances through the Visking tubing. (SPM 2010)

6. Design an experiment to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis,(SPM 2007, 2009)

7. Carry out a small group discussion on the effects of temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on rate of photosynthesis.

Cell Division

§MITOSIS/MEIOSIS/APPLICATION

§Mitosis meiosis-metaphase diagram/ cancer/tissue culture(oil palm)-Qs2 2005

§Qs3 2007-stages of mitosis diagram/ clonning(orchid)

§Qs1 2008- stages in meiosis, crossing over &its importance, cancer cells, formation, factors, prevention

§Meiosis- relate with *Reproduction and * inheritance- 2010 Sample QS 2.

TAKE NOTE :

—All chromosome behaviours in stages ~Draw and label and sentences.

—Relate mitosis with growth, clonning and culture tissue.

—Relate meiosis with variation.

—Cell cycle G1, S, G2

—Cytokinesis

—Significant of mitosis and meiosis

Paper 2 Analysis

Please observe the following analysis according to chapters.

You can see that certain chapters are popular and frequently being asked. Due to that, you must make sure that you master those chapters VERY WELL before proceeding to other chapters.

Some of the chapters are inter related..Example : Chapter 2 can be related to Chapter 3.

SPM PAPER 2 year 2010

Q1 -CHAPTER 2- CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION

Q2 -CHAPTER 3- MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCE

Q3 -CHAPTER 5- CELL DIVISION (Mitosis) and CHAPTER 14- INHERITANCE

Q4 -CHAPTER 4- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (Protein)

Q5 -CHAPTER 11- SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION (Forearm)

ESSAY:

Q6 -CHAPTER 12- COORDINATION (Pituitary glands/ synapse )

Q7 -CHAPTER 10- TRANSPORT (translocation/ transpiration/ circulatory system fish and human)

Q8-CHAPTER 9- ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM (preserve & conserve / greenhouse effect)

Q9-CHAPTER 6- NUTRITION (man digestive system / effect of consuming excess food)

SPM PAPER 2 year 2009

Q1 -CHAPTER 2- CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION and CHAPTER 3-MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCE..

Q2 - CHAPTER 13- REPRODUCTION (Spermatogenesis) and

CHAPTER 14- INHERITANCE (Down’s Syndrome)

Q3 -

CHAPTER 6- NUTRITION ( Plant )

and CHAPTER 8- DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM ( adaptation mangrove)

Q4-

CHAPTER 7- RESPIRATION (Mechanism)

Q5- CHAPTER 13- REPRODUCTION (Placenta/ Immunity)

ESSAY:

Q6- CHAPTER 14- INHERITANCE (Mendel’s Second Law)

Q7-CHAPTER 8- DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM (Interaction/ Biological Control / Nitrogen Cycle)

Q8- CHAPTER 10- TRANSPORT (Transpiration)

Q9- CHAPTER 6- NUTRITION (Fat digestion/ eating habits)

Chemical composition...

Reminder:

Favourite chapter : Has been frequently asked in Paper 2~

Please go through the content checklist which you might need for your final revision prior SPM 2011.

SPM PAST YEARS

§2004-Qs1-Mechanism-Lipase. Temperature, lipase in Food industry

§2005-Qs4-synthesis/organelles/enzyme mechanism /tenderize meat & extract agar.

§2006-Qs2-digestive system/enzyme

§2006 (Paper 3Qs 1) The effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme.

Paper 2 structure :

1. The formation and breakdown of disaccharides, such as maltose, sucrose and lactose~ Relate with hydrolysis and condensation.

2.The formation and breakdown of polysaccharides, such as starch, glycogen and cellulose.

3. State the components of fats and oils,

4. Explain the formation and breakdown of fats and oils,

5.Compare and contrast saturated fats and unsaturated fats

Paper 3 ~Conduct experiments to study the effects of pH and temperature on the activities of amylase and pepsin.

Essay :

Discuss on the following :

a) what enzymes are,

b) enzyme requirement in the living process,

c) general characteristics of enzyme,

d) naming of enzyme based on the substrate,

e) sites of enzyme synthesis,

f) intracellular and extracellular enzymes and examples,

-Discuss and correlate pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on enzyme activity using the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis.

-Predict the consequences of deficiency in carbohydrates, protein, lipids or enzymes in the cell.

-Discuss the mechanism of enzyme action using the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis.

Movement of Substances..

Reminder:

Favourite chapter : Has been frequently asked in Paper 2 from 2006 - 2010 .

Please go through the content checklist which you might need for your final revision prior SPM 2011.

PAPER 2:

§Qs7 2006-Define plasma membrane exhibits fluidity and Interpret graph related to different concentration.(ESSAY)

§Qs2 2007- Plasma membrane Diagram-active and passive transport/ characteristics of phospholipid bilayer

§OSMOSIS-HYPO/HYPER/ISO- Paper 3 Qs2- (2005&2006)

§Plant cell in concentrated salt solution (2009, 2010)

§Similarities and differences between facilitated diffusion and active transport

(2008- 8m)

Take Note:

Discuss the processes of passive transport and active transport in living organisms:

i. gaseous exchange in the alveoli and blood capillaries (simple diffusion).

ii.absorption of digested food in the villus (facilitated diffusion)

iii. absorption of water by root hairs of a plant ( osmosis)

iv.ion intake by root hairs of a plant ( active transport)

*Compare and contrast passive transport and active transport.

* **Explain the effect of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cell and animal cell.

* ***Explain plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, heamolysis and crenation.

Cell Structure and Organisation

Reminder:

Favourite chapter : Has been asked in Paper 2 from 2006 - 2010 .

BUT not in Paper 3

Please go through the content checklist which you might need for your final revision before SPM.

Paper 2:

2006 -Plant Cell , vacuole

2007-Organ skin, system

2008-Cells organisation

2009-Plant cell, Golgi apparatus,chloroplast

2010- Animal cell, chromosome, mitochondria, lysosome

TAKE NOTE OF THESE ORGANELLES ~ Know their STRUCTURES , LABELS and FUNCTION.

-Mitochondria-relate with cellular respiration

§ Ribosome-relate with protein (enzyme) synthesis

§ Centriole-relate with cell division in animal cell

§ Endoplasmic reticulum: rough /smooth-relate with its function

§Chloroplast-relate with photosynthesis.

§Golgi apparatus

§Lysosome-relate with its function

§Nucleus- nucleolus, nucleoplasm, nuclear membrane ~ chromosome

§Vacuole

**Compare and contrast an animal cell and a plant cell

CELL ORGANISATION:

1. State the necessity for cell specialisation in multicellular organism as compared to unicellular organism,

2.Describe cell specialization in multicellular organisms,

3.Describe cell organisation in the formation of tissues, organs and systems in multicellular organisms

UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS:

Amoeba: respiration and feeding (Phagocytosis)

Paramecium: Excretion and Osmoregulation

Animal Tissues: Types.

Plant tissues: meristematic, permanent (epidermal, ground, vascular)

STUDY THE DIAGRAMS OF ALL THE TISSUES !

Respiration Lesson

After the Second Diagnostic Test done, we continue Bio lesson on Chapter 7- Respiration.

Still using mind maps to get hold of all the facts on only one sheet !!
Girls seem to be expert already doing mind maps....Well, practice makes perfect .
**May click on Pic to enlarge !
Doing mind map, needs planning too.

...such as...planning for space !!
Its up to you to make it colourful...After all...its your NOTES !!

And I am giving a bit of ideas...how to go about it ...
The mind map of Anearobic respiration in human muscles !


What about a mind map of anaerobic respiration in yeast ??

**Please take note :

You should be able to explain the followings (Essay ):

1. Explain anaerobic process in human muscles.

2. Explain anaerobic respiration in yeast.

3. Comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration !

Energy Value

To determine the energy value in food samples:

i. ground nut

ii. cashew nut
Problem Statement: What are the energy values of different food samples?

Hypothesis: Cashew nut has a higher energy value than ground nut.//vice versa

Variables:

Manipulated: Types of nuts/type of food samples

Responding: Energy value

Fixed: mass of water

Apparatus & Material:

Ground nut, cashew nut, pin, plasticine, cotton wool, thermometer, boiling tube, bunsen burner, electronic balance, distilled water, retort stand, wind shield

Procedure:

List down the procedure. Make sure you include sentences of:

1. How to set up the apparatus. **At least 3 sentences.

2. How to manipulate variables

3. How to get a responding variable

4. How to get fixed variable.

5, Safety measures such as:

-use wind shield to avoid disturbances of wind which will affect the exp result.

**List only one should be sufficient.

This is called ' A simple calorimeter'

Setting up of apparatus

Result:

Produce a Table with manipulated variable and responding variable in a row and column respectively.

Do not forget the unit!!!

Do not forget the formula to calculate the energy value (J/g) of food.

*State the formula please ...