Sample Essay

Suggested Answer:

(a)Sample Answer:

Bird

• Aerofoil wing – to generate the upward llift
• A pair of antagonistic muscle( pectorolis major and minor) for upstroke and downstroke //pulled down and up the wings.
• Single organ(one testes/kidney)//small skull//hollow bone//no teeth – to reduce weight.
• Streamlined body shape// Feathers facing the posterior/backward – to reduce air resistance
• Waterproof feather to avoid increase in body weight during raining.

[ Any 4 ]

Fish

• Streamlined body shapes/overlapping scales facing the posterior/slimy coating – to reduce water resistance
• Myotome muscles are are W/V- shaped which act antagonistically
• Swim bladder/air sac – maintain buoyancy in water.
• Fins
• -Dorsal and ventral fin – to prevent yawing and rolling
• -Caudal/tail fin – provides thrust and controls direction
• -Pelvic fin and pectoral fin- act as brakes

[Any 4]

(b)Submerged plants

• Posses air sacs within the leaves and the stem to help the plant to stay upright in water
• Water buoyancy provides support
• Have very few vascular tissue/woody tissue
• Thin/narrow/flexible leaves to provide little resistance to water flow

[ Any 3]

Floating plants

• Stem have plenty of air sacs
• Aerenchyma tissues which help to stay afloat in water.
• Do not have woody tissues
• Natural water buoyancy to helps them to float
• Have broad leaves that are firm but flexible to resist being torned by wave action.

[ Any 3]

Sample Essay

Total= [ 10 marks]

Suggested Answer:

Graph A

• Intraspecific competition
• Competition between the same spesies of Paramecium
• Competing for the same niche, food /nutrient/space
• A t the end of experiment the population of Paramecium Aurelia is higher compared to the population of P caudatum
• Showing that P. Aurelia are more adapted to the environment

[Any 5 ]

Graph B

• Interspecific competition
• Competition between different species of Paramecium
• Competing for the same niche, nutrient, space
• At the end of the experiment, the population of P Aurelia increase whereas P caudatum decreases.
• Showing that P Aurelia are more adaptable/stronger compared to P caudatum
• [Any 5 ]

Sample Essay

Please click @ the image to enlarge

Suggested Answer:

Able state the definition:

(a)

· conservation of biodiversity

- the maintenance of environmental quality and natural resources in a ecosystem // the maintenance of a particular balance among the species present in a ecosystem.

· preservation of biodiversity

- the protection of spesies without reference to natural change in living systems or to human requirements.

· conservation of biodiversity

(b) Able to describe why the biodiversity very important.

1. Ecological reason

- Loss of biodiversity makes ecosystem less stable/ disrupts the food web/ biogeochemical cycle

- (biodiversity) is needed for survival of life on [1+1]

2. Economic reason

- provides human with the cereal crops/ livestock/ fish/ spices/ plants

- it is a resource for timber needed ( to build shelter) [1+1]

- source of pharmaceutical drugs to treat certain diseases / malaria// medicinal plants

- maintain soil fertility // balance ecosystem

3. Aesthetic/ recreational

- ecotourism// pleasure [1+1]

4. Ethical reasons

- provides a field of vast research for scientist [1+1]

Total = 8 marks

Sample Structure QS

Answer:

(a)Able to explain the interaction in X and Y

Organism X

F: mutualism (reject symbiosis) ...1m

E1: nitrogen-fixing bacteria/ Rhizobium convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and ammonium ions that are used by (legume) plant for protein synthesis ....1m

E2: The bacteria obtain food/nutrient/ space/ shelter (from the plants) ...1m

Organism Y

F: commensalism (reject epiphyte) ....1m

E1: (pigeon orchids) grow on the trunks of the tree to obtain light energy for photosynthesis ...1m

E2: the host plant do not get benefit or harm .....1m maximum 5 marks

(b) Able to identify the interaction and explain how the organism survive on the habitat.

Interaction: Saprophytism ....................1m

F: Fungi/ mushroom secrete enzyme ...........................1m

E1: digest (organic food in) dead organism/ the tree trunk .....................1m

E2: (hypha) absorb the digested food such as glucose ................1m

E3: glucose is used for respiration//to get energy ...................1m

(5 marks)

Sample Structure QS

Sample Question and Answer:

**Explain (Not just state the fact !)

1.Write the similarity and its explanation - One mark

2. Do not write in a form of Table..Write in SENTENCES.

Paper 3 Question 2

Kuala Lumpur Trial 2010 Paper 3 Question 2- To consider!

The total surface area to volume ratio and the diffusion rate over large distances are limiting factors to cellular activities in multicellular organisms.

Based on the above information, design a laboratory experiment to study the relationship between the total surface area to volume ratio and how it affects the rate of diffusion. Use the suitable plant tissue to design your experiment.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects :

Problem statement

Aim of investigation

Hypothesis

Variables

List of apparatus and materials

Technique used

Experimental procedure or method

Presentation of data

Conclusion [17 marks]

Suggested Answer:

Aim:To study the relationship between the total surface area to volume ratio and its effect on the rate of diffusion.

Problem Statement: How does the total surface area to volume ratio affect the the rate of diffusion ?

Hypothesis:The bigger the size of an object, the lower the total surface area to volume ratio and the lower the rate of diffusion.

Variables:

Manipulated variable – size of potato cube

Responding variable – percentage of stained area

Fixed variable- coloured solution, time

Apparatus and Materials:

Potatoes, coloured solution, Beakers, white tile, ruler, knife

TECHNIQUE : Observe, estimate and record the area of potato being stained using a graph paper .

Procedure:

Sample answer:

1. Use a knife to cut a potato cube of sides 1cm, 2cm and 3cm.

2. Calculate the total surface area and volume of the cube

3. Immerse all the cubes in a beaker containing coloured solution

for 30 minutes. Ensure all cubes are immersed in the coloured solution at the same time

4. Remove all the cubes after 30 minutes.

5. Cut each cube into two halves.

6. Observe the area stained for each cube.

7. Estimate the percentage of area stained using a graph paper and record the results in a table.

Conclusion : Rewrite hypothesis sentence

Paper 3 Question 2

SBP Trial 2010 Paper 3 Question 2 -to consider:

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plants, especially in leaves. Transpiration occurs mostly through the stomata. The amount of water lost by a plant depends on its size,surrounding light intensity, temperature, humidity and wind speed.

Diagram 3 shows the movement of water in a terrestrial plant.

Based on the information, design an experiment to be conducted in the laboratory to investigate the effect of the number of leaves on the rate of transpiration in a hibiscus plant.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

_ Objective of investigation

_ Hypothesis

_ Variables

_ List of materials and apparatus

_ Technique used

_ Experimental procedures

_ Presentation of data

_ Conclusion [17 marks]

TIPS:

***IDENTIFY THE VARIABLES

Aim : To investigate the effect of the number of leaves on the rate of transpiration in a hibiscus plant.

Problem Statement: HOW does the number of leaves affect the rate of transpiration (in hibiscus plants)?

Hypothesis:

The more the number of leaves the higher rate of transpiration. OR

When the number of leaves increases the rate of transpiration increases.

VARIABLES:

Manipulated variable: Number of leaves / stomata

Responding variable: Distance travelled by air bubble (in five minutes)// The rate of transpiration

Controlled variable: Type of (terrestrial) plant / hibiscus // Light intensity //Surrounding temperature

Materials & Apparatus:

Materials: *Hibiscus shoot / plant, water, and plasticine.

Apparatus: *Ruler / weighing balance, capillary tube + rubber tubing // potometer //

stoppered conical flask, beaker / basin, (sharp) knife, stopwatch, string /

marker pen and tissue paper / filter paper.

Technique:

Recording the distance travelled by air bubble in five minutes using a stopwatch.

OR

Calculating and record the rate of transpiration by the formula:

Rate of transpiration = Distance travelled by air bubble/Time

Procedure:

Able to state five procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly.

P1 : How to Set Up The Apparatus (5P1)

P2 : How to Make Constant The Control Variable (1P2)

P3 : How to Manipulate The Manipulated Variable (1P3)

P4: How to Record The Responding Variable (2P4)

P5 : Precaution / Accuracy (2P5)

PROCEDURE:

1. (Diagram of experimental setup with at least 5 functional labels). P1

2. Obtain a hibiscus shoot and immediately immerse in water. P1/ P5

3. By using a sharp knife, cut off 4 cm of the hibiscus stem under water. P5

4. Fill in the capillary tube with attached rubber tubing / potometer with water. P1

5. Fix in the stem of the hibiscus shoot into the rubber tubing / potometer.Make sure no air bubble trapped. P1/ P5

6. Immerse the capillary tube / potometer in a beaker of water. P1

7. Wipe dry the leaves with tissue papers. P5

8. Leave the setup for 5 minutes (for the plant to adapt with the new environment). P5

9. Lift the capillary tube from the water to trap a column of air bubble // Trap an air

bubble in the capillary tube / potometer. P1

10. Tie a string on the capillary tube to mark the initial position of the air bubble. P1

11. Start the stopwatch. P1

12. After 5 minutes tie another string to mark the final position of the air bubble. P1

13. Repeat step 12 to get another reading. P5

14. Measure both distances by using a ruler. P4

15.Calculate the average distance traveled by the air bubble in 5 minute. P4

16.Record in a table // Tabulate the data. P4

17. By using the same plant,repeat steps 7 until 13 by removing one leave each time.P2/ P3

18. Calculate the rate of transpiration. P4

Result:

Conclusion : Rewrite hypothesis sentence.

Study Smart

Hello all 'book worms'..

All of you must be VERY busy revising...Pegang buku ni, pegang buku tu...SPM is knocking at your door...You have no choive EXCEPT to open it wide !!!!

It has been two years....the day you are waiting for : Do your very best!..so that there wont be regrets later.

STUDY HARD OR STUDY SMART? Its all yours to decide :-)

All the best !

1. SESERI students

2. MTD students

3. SMK Segambut Jaya students

4. SMK Raja Abdullah students

5. St John Institution students

6. SMK Batu Muda students

7.SM Sains Alam Shah students

8.SM Sains Hulu Selangor students

9. S Sri Garden students

10. SMK Raja Ali students

.....and all who ever visited my blogspot..Doa for you !

Analysis of Paper Three 2005-2009

Please use your own judgement to decide what are the possibilities of Paper 3 questions this year 2010...

*You may use this simple analysis to decide !...If you dare to forecast :-)

2005:

Qs 1- Energy value (F4)

Qs 2-Isotonic solution (F4)

2006:

Q1-Different CONCENTRATION OF SUBSTRATE affects on the rate of enzyme PEPSIN (F4)

Q2- AGAIN---Isotonic solution (F4)

2007:

Q1- Effect of LIGHT INTENSITY on the rate of photosynthesis.(F4)

Q2-Effect of TEMPERATURE on THE RATE OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN YEAST. (F4)

2008:

Q1- The population of Pleurococcus affected by abiotic factor :LIGHT INTENSITY. (F4)

Q2- Molecules size and its affect on rate of diffusion through a semi permeable membrane. (F4)

2009:

Q1- AGAIN---REPEAT 2007 !! Effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. (F4)

Q2- Effect of cold water and hot water on enzyme activity. (F4)

So...you see guys...Its not easy to forecast this paper..Looks like it is always from the Form 4 Chapters!... enzymes, photosynthesis, isotonic...have been repeatedly asked!

I would advise you to know the technique of answering this paper WELL..Then you dont have to worry what questions will be asked because you already master the format of answering it..

Paper 3 is a must score paper...Its not difficult..The questions are sure within the scope of Biology syllabus.

Maybe what you have done for your PEKA Biology could help you to understand more the experiments involved..

Or else you can start imagining doing experiment, but the format must always be like this:

Aim:

Problem Statement:

Hypothesis:

Variables:

Apparatus &Matreials:

Technique:

Procedure:

Result:

Conclusion:

HAPPY REVISING :-)

Paper 3 Question 2

Here are some possibilities of Question 2 PAPER3.

FROM CHAPTER 9: ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

1. Diagram 1 shows an area where different activities are being carried out. The river flowing at the area receives the wastes from the town and also from the factories. In conjunction with their studies of the effects of human activities on the environment, a group of students carried out an experiment to study the level of water pollution in three stations A, B and C, along the river.

Plan an investigation which you could carry out in the laboratory to determine the level of pollution in stations A, B and C.The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

● Problem statement

● Aim of investigation

● Hypothesis

● Variables

● List of apparatus and materials

● Technique

● Procedure

● Presentation of data

● Conclusion

FROM CHAPTER 8: DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM

2.Interaction between the two components, the biotic and abiotic in an ecosystem produces a stable ecosystem.Based on the above information, design an experiment to investigate how the temperature does affects the growth of yeast.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

● Problem statement

● Aim of investigation

● Hypothesis

● Variables

● List of apparatus and materials

● Technique

● Procedure

● Presentation of data

● Conclusion

FROM CHAPTER 6; NUTRITION

3. The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by different environment factors. Based on the above situation; plan a laboratory experiment to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

· Statement of identified problem

· Objective of study

· Variables

· Statement of hypothesis

· List of materials and apparatus

· Technique used

· Experimental procedure

· Presentation of data

· Conclusion

FROM CHAPTER 8: DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM

4. The population of crow is increasing in Nilai Village due to the existence of dumping site. The villager complained the birds’ dropping caused corrosion to their vehicle paint.

A group of biologists decides to carry out a study to find out the population size of the crow before deciding the appropriate approach to overcome the problem faced by the community. The population size of crow in Nilai Village is compared to the population of crow in Kluang Village which is 10km away.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

● Problem statement

● Aim of investigation

● Hypothesis

● Variables

● List of apparatus and materials

● Technique

● Procedure

● Presentation of data

● Conclusion

FROM CHAPTER 7 : RESPIRATION

5. During vigorous exercise such as running, the muscles require more oxygen and glucose to release energy during cellular respiration. Therefore the rate of respiration and heartbeat change. Design an experiment to study the effect of vigorous exercise on the respiration and heartbeat rates.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects

• Problem statement

● Aim of investigation

● Hypothesis

● Variables

● List of apparatus and materials

● Technique

● Procedure

● Presentation of data

● Conclusion

FROM CHAPTER 6: NUTRITION

6. Plant needs macronutrients and micronutrients to grow healthy and reproduce. Nitrogen as in nitrate, phosphorus and potassium are most important.By using a suitable plant that can absorb nutrient from nutrient solution (aquaculture), design an experiment to show the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency on this plant.

Your experimental planning need to include the following aspects:

· Statement of identified problem

· Objective of study

· Variables

· Statement of hypothesis

· List of materials and apparatus

· Technique used

· Experimental procedures

· Presentation of data

* Conclusion

FROM CHAPTER 3; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

7. A group of students did a study on the function of enzymes as an organic catalyst that can regulate and increase the rate biochemical reactions in the cell. Enzymes are very sensitive to a change in temperature and functions efficiently at an optimum temperature. Design an experiment to study the effect of different substrate concentration on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

· Statement of identified problem

· Objective of study

· Variables

· Statement of variables

· List of materials and apparatus

· Technique used

· Experimental procedure

· Presentation of data

* Conclusion

Sample Qs

Explaining the formation of urine.. Lets have a look at how you answered and compare it with my answers ! (Syai)

Your Answer:

Ultrafiltration occur at glomerulus. ...

Comment: 1 mark

The pressure at the glomerulus is high because the size of afferent artriole is bigger than efferent artriole. ..

Comment : 1 mark. (Take note : It is Hydrostatic pressure !)

Water and small molecules will force out into Bowman's Capsule. It will form glomerulus filtrate.

Comment : 1 mark...Give examples of small molecules )

So you scored 3 marks.

My Answer:

F1 – Ultrafiltration (process take place) in glomerulus.

E1 – diameter of efferent arteriole is smaller than afferent arteriole

E2 – higher hydrostatic pressure occurs in glomerulus

E3 – The fluid and solute in the glomerulus is filtered out through the capillary wall into the lumen of Bowman’s capsule

E4 – The glomerular filtrate has the same composition as the plasma component except it does not contain (of larger component such as) red blood cell and plasma proteins

Any 3 marks

Your Answer:

Reabsorption occur at proximal covoluted tubule.

Comment : No mark here. State another 3 places where it occur.

Nutrients such as amino acids, glucose and minerals will diffuse into blood capillaries.

Comment: 1 mark

Active transport occur to reabsorb all the needed components to the blood.

Comment: No mark..You did not state the examples of the substances.

Water will reabsorb by osmosis.

Comment : 1 mark...but it is still incomplete.

You scored only 2 marks.

My Answer:

P1- Reabsorption process occur along proximal covoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convulated tubule and collecting duct (State at least 3 places)

P2-Useful substances such as glucose/nutrients/ sodiums/amino acids/other ions that have been filtered are reabsorbed.

P3-more water/ some urea are reabsorbed by osmosis

P4- glucose/amino acids/salts by active transport

P5- More water is reabsorbed in the presence of ADH at distal convulated tubule. Any 4 marks.

Your Answer:

Secretion occur at distal covoluted tubule and Loop of Henle.

Comment : It is not at the Loop of Henle..

At the distal tubule, water will reabsorbed.

Comment : not relevant to explain about water here..

At there, most of the salts in the ultra-filtrate will reabsorbed.

Comment: be specific what salts ? and the method !

Liquid in the collecting duct will turn to urine as water and salts are removed.

Comment: wrong concept about urine.

...Sorry..no marks for secretion !

My answer:

P1- When waste/nitrogenous substances/ and excess substances flowing out from the blood into the distal tubule and finally to collecting tubule

P2- to be removed in a form of urine.

P3-Substances such as hydrogen ions/ potassium ions are secreted through passive transport/ diffusion

P4-Substances such as ammonia/ certain drugs/ toxic substances are secreted through active transport

[ 3 max ]

Sample Essay-

Another Trengganu Trial 2010 Essay Question ..Credit to the owner!

8(a) Diagram 8.1 shows the changes that occurs in a lake due to the human activities.

Based on the Diagram 8.1, explain how this activities cause the changes in a lake.

[10 marks]

ANSWER:

F : The condition of the river is the result of eutrophication

P1: Farmers use fertilizers that usually contains nitrates/phosphate

P2: Fertilizer/animal waste/silage which contain nitrate/phosphate may washed out in water when it rains/leaching/run into the lake.

P3: Algae in the lake grow faster (when they are supplied with extra nitrate/(phosphate)

P4: (they may grow so much) that they completely cover the water.

P5: Block out the light for plants growing beneath them.

P6: Photosynthesis rate reduced

P7: Dissolve oxygen also reduced

P8: Plant on the top of water and beneath water eventually die.

P9: Their remains are good source of food bacteria //bacteria decomposed the dead plant rapidly//bacteria breed rapidly

P10: The large population of bacteria respires, using up oxygen,so there is very little oxygen left for other living organism

P11: BOD increased

P12: Those fish/ aquatic animal which need oxygen move to other areas or die

[Any 10 points]

Based on your knowledge in biology, explain the harmful effects of the activities to the mankind and their surrounding. Suggest ways to overcome this problem. [ 10 marks]

***EXPLAIN HARMFUL EFFECTS.......MANKIND AND SURROUNDING......and SUGGEST !!

Answer:

Harmful effects to mankind and surrounding:

P1: Industries, factories, and vehicles contribute to air pollution

P2: Industries emit pollutants such as sulphur dioxide/ oxides of nitrogen smoke/fine solid particles

P3: Which can cause respiratory problems/asthma/bronchitis/Irritates the eye

P4: Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide dissolve in rain water to form acid rain

P5: Makes the soil acidic and unsuitable for the cultivation of crops

P6: Smoke and haze reduce light intensity cause the rate of photosynthetic decrease.

P7: Which subsequently reduces crop yield

P8: Carbon dioxide lead to green house effect, result in an increase in the atmosphere temperature

P9: Climatic change occur

P10: Hot water is discharged into nearby lakes and river lead thermal pollution

P11: Cause instant death/reduction of aquatic species

Any 6 points

Ways to overcome

P12: Implementation of law to reduce pollution

P13: use unleaded petrol/sewage treatment

P14: (Formal and informal) education stressing (on the concept of recycle, reuse, reduce and renew)

P15: Reduce the burning of fossil fuels

P16: Use alternative energy source/ using renewable energy(solar energy, hydroelectric and wind power)

Any 4 points