Explaining the formation of urine.. Lets have a look at how you answered and compare it with my answers ! (Syai)
Your Answer:
Ultrafiltration occur at glomerulus. ...
Comment: 1 mark
The pressure at the glomerulus is high because the size of afferent artriole is bigger than efferent artriole. ..
Comment : 1 mark. (Take note : It is Hydrostatic pressure !)
Water and small molecules will force out into Bowman's Capsule. It will form glomerulus filtrate.
Comment : 1 mark...Give examples of small molecules )
So you scored 3 marks.
My Answer:
F1 – Ultrafiltration (process take place) in glomerulus.
E1 – diameter of efferent arteriole is smaller than afferent arteriole
E2 – higher hydrostatic pressure occurs in glomerulus
E3 – The fluid and solute in the glomerulus is filtered out through the capillary wall into the lumen of Bowman’s capsule
E4 – The glomerular filtrate has the same composition as the plasma component except it does not contain (of larger component such as) red blood cell and plasma proteins
Any 3 marks
Your Answer:
Reabsorption occur at proximal covoluted tubule.
Comment : No mark here. State another 3 places where it occur.
Nutrients such as amino acids, glucose and minerals will diffuse into blood capillaries.
Comment: 1 mark
Active transport occur to reabsorb all the needed components to the blood.
Comment: No mark..You did not state the examples of the substances.
Water will reabsorb by osmosis.
Comment : 1 mark...but it is still incomplete.
You scored only 2 marks.
My Answer:
P1- Reabsorption process occur along proximal covoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convulated tubule and collecting duct (State at least 3 places)
P2-Useful substances such as glucose/nutrients/ sodiums/amino acids/other ions that have been filtered are reabsorbed.
P3-more water/ some urea are reabsorbed by osmosis
P4- glucose/amino acids/salts by active transport
P5- More water is reabsorbed in the presence of ADH at distal convulated tubule. Any 4 marks.
Your Answer:
Secretion occur at distal covoluted tubule and Loop of Henle.
Comment : It is not at the Loop of Henle..
At the distal tubule, water will reabsorbed.
Comment : not relevant to explain about water here..
At there, most of the salts in the ultra-filtrate will reabsorbed.
Comment: be specific what salts ? and the method !
Liquid in the collecting duct will turn to urine as water and salts are removed.
Comment: wrong concept about urine.
...Sorry..no marks for secretion !
My answer:
P1- When waste/nitrogenous substances/ and excess substances flowing out from the blood into the distal tubule and finally to collecting tubule
P2- to be removed in a form of urine.
P3-Substances such as hydrogen ions/ potassium ions are secreted through passive transport/ diffusion
P4-Substances such as ammonia/ certain drugs/ toxic substances are secreted through active transport
[ 3 max ]
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